PCB Design Fundamental

1. Introduction to PCB Design: PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design is the process of designing a physical layout of electronic components on a board. This layout is crucial for connecting components like resistors, capacitors, and ICs, which are used to create an electronic circuit.

2. Application of PCB: PCBs are used in nearly all electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, automobiles, medical devices, and industrial machinery. They ensure the efficient electrical connections between components and provide mechanical support.

3. Types of PCB: There are various types of PCBs, including single-sided (one layer of conductive material), double-sided (conductive layers on both sides), and multi-layer (multiple conductive layers for complex circuits). Rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex are common forms based on physical flexibility.

4. PCB Substrate and Types: The PCB substrate is the base material that provides mechanical support and electrical insulation. Common types include FR4 (a fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate), ceramic, and flexible materials.

5. Copper Measurement: Copper thickness is crucial for PCB performance, as it determines the current-carrying capacity. It is typically measured in ounces per square foot (oz/ft²). Common thicknesses are 1 oz/ft², 2 oz/ft², and so on.

6. PCB Terms: Common terms include traces (the conductive paths), vias (holes for electrical connection between layers), silkscreen (text and symbols on the board), pads (areas where components are mounted), and solder mask (protective coating).

7. Via & Its Types: Vias are holes drilled into the PCB to electrically connect different layers. Types of vias include through-hole vias (connecting all layers), blind vias (connecting outer layers to inner layers), and buried vias (connecting inner layers).

8. IPC Standards: The IPC (Institute for Printed Circuits) sets global standards for PCB design, materials, assembly, and testing. Standards such as IPC-A-600 (acceptability of printed boards) and IPC-2221 (design standard for PCB) are widely followed.

9. PCB Design Flow: PCB design typically follows a sequence: schematic design (creating the circuit diagram), PCB layout (arranging components), routing (connecting traces), verification (checking design rules), and manufacturing (creating the physical board).